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WHY THE APPLE II DIDN'T SUPPORT LOWERCASE LETTERS

Steve Wozniak, being financially constrained, initially used an affordable $60 uppercase-only keyboard for his TV Terminal project in the early 1970s. This terminal became the input/output for his early computer designs, including the Apple I. While Wozniak later wanted to add lowercase support, the handwritten and hand-assembled code of the Apple I and Apple II, coupled with continued financial limitations, made implementing such a significant change too difficult.

2025.05.12
vintagecomputing.com5 min readTLDR Web Dev

WHY BELL LABS WORKED

Bell Labs thrived due to a management style that prioritized radical freedom and autonomy for talented researchers, which let them pursue their interests without pressure for immediate results. Mervin Kelly, the lab's builder, focused on identifying individuals with innate drive and a thirst for knowledge, providing them with problems to solve and trusting their abilities. The lab's success was from a formula of finding great people, fostering collaboration, providing curated problems, and allowing years for exploration.

2025.05.12
1517.substack.com9 min readTLDR Web Dev

GMAIL TO SQLITE

This script downloads emails from a Gmail account and stores them in a SQLite database, allowing users to analyze their email data through SQL queries.

2025.05.12
github.comGitHub repositoryTLDR Web Dev

PLAIN VANILLA WEB

This website provides tutorials and resources on building websites and web applications using only vanilla HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, without the use of frameworks or build tools.

2025.05.12
plainvanillaweb.com2 min readTLDR Web Dev

THE STATE OF SSL STACKS

This post reviews the current SSL library ecosystem, focusing on performance issues with OpenSSL 3.0 and recommending alternative solutions like AWS-LC and WolfSSL for HAProxy users to improve TLS performance and compatibility.

2025.05.12
haproxy.com53 min readTLDR Web Dev

RUST DEPENDENCIES SCARE ME

Rust dependencies introduce a vast amount of code, making auditing for good security extremely difficult.

2025.05.12
links.tldrnewsletter.com4 min readTLDR Web Dev

Sponsored

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2025.05.09
developers.google.comSponsorTLDR

META REPORTEDLY EYEING 'SUPER SENSING' TECH FOR SMART GLASSES

Meta is working on a 'super sensing' type of facial recognition technology for its smart glasses lineup. The software will be able to recognize people by name and keep a better track of what users are doing throughout the day. It will be opt-in only. The company is reportedly working on two new pairs of smart glasses and also re-evaluating its privacy policies and potential safety risks associated with the technology.

2025.05.09
cnet.com2 min readTLDR

OPENAI HIRES INSTACART CEO AS HEAD OF APPLICATIONS

Instacart CEO Fidji Simo is joining OpenAI to lead its applications business. Simo has served as an OpenAI board member over the last year. She will remain CEO of Instacart for the next few months. Simo will focus on enabling OpenAI's traditional company functions to scale as it enters its next phase of growth, which will allow CEO Sam Altman to increase his focus on research, compute, and safety, which are critical as the company approaches superintelligence.

2025.05.09
links.tldrnewsletter.com2 min readTLDR

AURORA TO ADD NIGHT DRIVING, NEW ROUTES AS IT RAMPS DRIVERLESS TRUCKING

Aurora Innovation plans to expand its driverless trucking route beyond Dallas to Houston and into El Paso and Phoenix. The company plans to start sending its self-driving trucks out at night and during adverse weather conditions in the second half of 2025. It already runs freight with self-driving trucks in those conditions, but with a human safety operator behind the wheel. Running at nighttime would double the company's drive time and is a key milestone.

2025.05.09
techcrunch.com3 min readTLDR

ULTRA-RARE 'ASIAN UNICORN' HAS GENOME SEQUENCED, AND IT COULD MEAN EVERYTHING

The saola is a bovine that hangs out in the mountainous forests of Vietnam and Laos. The species wasn't scientifically described until 1993 and has still never been seen in person by scientists or studied in the wild. It is a critically endangered species with an estimated population ranging from 50 to up to a few hundred individuals. An international team of scientists has reconstructed the saola genome, hinting at some potential good news for the chances of its conservation. The saola are split into two populations with considerable genetic differences, which means there may be enough genetic diversity to start working on building a captive breeding program.

2025.05.09
sciencealert.com4 min readTLDR

POSTGRESQL 18 BETA 1 RELEASED!

The first release of the PostgreSQL 18 beta is now available for download. It contains previews of all of the features in PostgreSQL 18, but some of the details of the release may change during the beta period. The update improves performance and the developer experience and introduces new security features. It also adds monitoring and observability tools. This post goes over the new update.

2025.05.09
postgresql.org5 min readTLDR

ASK HN: HOW MUCH BETTER ARE AI IDES VS. COPY PASTING INTO CHAT APPS? (HACKER NEWS THREAD)

Copying and pasting into chat apps can be tedious, but assistants like Copilot aren't as smart as the 'thinking' chat apps. This makes it clear why AI IDEs exist, but using them can get expensive because of the pay-per-use pricing as opposed to effectively unlimited prompts for a monthly subscription as with thinking apps. This Hacker News thread contains a discussion on the current state of AI IDEs and how they compare to chat apps. The thread mentions lesser known alternatives to Cursor and Windsurf, such as Roo code and aider-chat, that unlock different workflows.

2025.05.09
news.ycombinator.comTLDR

BILL GATES TELLS HIS FOUNDATION TO SPEND IT ALL BY 2045

Bill Gates expects his foundation to exhaust its coffers and spend more than $200 billion over the next 20 years. The total of Gates' donation is expected to be the second-largest philanthropic gift in US history, adjusted for inflation. His foundation has already spent more than $100 billion on a range of causes. Many of the foundation's beneficiaries have been people in low-income countries with endemic and frequently deadly diseases.

2025.05.09
techcrunch.com2 min readTLDR

ASK HN: WHAT ARE GOOD HIGH-INFORMATION DENSITY UIS (SCREENSHOTS, APPS, SITES)? (HACKER NEWS THREAD)

It can be difficult to find examples of good high information density UIs. This Hacker News thread lists resources for finding these examples and tips for how to find good examples. One of these methods is to look at programs used by pro creatives - some people regularly spend their days using a single such product as their primary work tool. Another source of good examples of dense information communication can be found in command line system monitoring tools.

2025.05.09
news.ycombinator.comTLDR

STABILITY BY DESIGN

The Clojure ecosystem is abnormally stable because its community avoids breaking things.

2025.05.09
potetm.com15 min readTLDR

WHEN SOFTWARE BUYS SOFTWARE

AI agents are starting to operate with real autonomy and becoming decision makers - a future where agents sell software to other agents is not far off.

2025.05.09
newinternet.tech5 min readTLDR

NOBODY CODES HERE ANYMORE

Just like being good at writing code, being good at using agents isn't a binary thing - there's a sliding scale of quality.

2025.05.09
ghiculescu.substack.com13 min readTLDR

THANKS TO DOGE, GUMROAD'S FOUNDER HAS A SECOND JOB WITH THE VA

Sahil Lavingia, the second employee of Pinterest and founder of Gumroad, is also an unpaid contractor working with the Department of Veterans Affairs in a role facilitated by the Department of Government Efficiency.

2025.05.09
links.tldrnewsletter.com13 min readTLDR

MISTRAL MEDIUM 3

Mistral Medium 3 was introduced to deliver strong enterprise performance at significantly lower cost. It is optimized for deployment flexibility and coding tasks.

2025.05.09
mistral.ai3 min readTLDR AI

FIDJI SIMO JOINS OPENAI AS CEO OF APPLICATIONS

OpenAI has appointed Fidji Simo to lead its Applications division, reinforcing its focus on scaling product and operations as it expands beyond research into global deployment and infrastructure.

2025.05.09
links.tldrnewsletter.com2 min readTLDR AI

ANTHROPIC LAUNCHES WEB SEARCH API FOR CLAUDE

Anthropic launched a new Web Search API for its Claude models. This API allows Claude to access and use real-time information from the web. The capability enhances Claude's ability to provide current and accurate responses.

2025.05.09
anthropic.com2 min readTLDR AI

IS THERE A HALF-LIFE FOR THE SUCCESS RATES OF AI AGENTS?

AI performance on long tasks follows a simple model with a constant failure rate, creating an exponential decline in success. Each AI agent can be characterized by a "half-life" that estimates success over varying task lengths. This model suggests failures arise from complex sets of subtasks.

2025.05.09
links.tldrnewsletter.com1 min readTLDR AI

SEPARATING FACT FROM FICTION: HERE'S HOW AI IS TRANSFORMING CYBERCRIME

AI in cybersecurity primarily enhances existing techniques rather than creating new threats and lowers entry barriers for cybercriminals. At the recent RSA Conference, experts highlighted AI's role in automating tasks and facilitating advanced cybercrime models like AI-as-a-Service. Future defenses will require AI-driven strategies and international collaboration to effectively combat evolving threats.

2025.05.09
fortinet.com6 min readTLDR AI

THE LEADERBOARD ILLUSION

Chatbot Arena's benchmarking exhibits bias due to undisclosed private testing and selective data access. Providers like Google and OpenAI dominate data access, while open-source models receive significantly less. These dynamics lead to overfitting rather than genuine model improvement.

2025.05.09
arxiv.org1 min readTLDR AI

ACTOR-CRITIC LEARNING WITH OFFLINE DATA

A new actor-critic RL algorithm has achieved near-optimal sample efficiency using offline data and targeted exploration, addressing long-standing challenges in hybrid RL settings.

2025.05.09
arxiv.org29 min readTLDR AI

GOOGLE LAUNCHES 'IMPLICIT CACHING' TO MAKE ACCESSING ITS LATEST AI MODELS CHEAPER

Google's new "implicit caching" feature in its Gemini API reportedly offers 75% cost savings on repetitive context for its Gemini 2.5 models. Unlike the previous manual explicit caching method, this automatic feature could ease developer concerns about unexpected API costs. However, developers should monitor its effectiveness, as Google hasn't provided third-party verification for the cost savings claims.

2025.05.09
techcrunch.com3 min readTLDR AI

AI-GENERATED CODE COULD BE A DISASTER FOR THE SOFTWARE SUPPLY CHAIN. HERE'S WHY

AI-generated code often includes non-existent library references, exposing systems to supply-chain attacks via dependency confusion. A study found 19.7% of dependencies from tested LLMs were fabricated, creating security risks. Open-source LLMs hallucinate more frequently than commercial ones, with JavaScript showing higher error rates than Python.

2025.05.09
arstechnica.com4 min readTLDR AI

HUGGING FACE RELEASES A FREE OPERATOR-LIKE AGENTIC AI TOOL

Hugging Face's Open Computer Agent is a cloud-hosted AI agent capable of basic tasks but struggles with complex requests like flight searches. Despite limitations and queue times, it showcases the potential of open AI models powering workflows and is part of a growing trend in agentic technology investments. A KPMG survey shows 65% of companies are experimenting with AI agents. The market is expected to grow significantly.

2025.05.09
techcrunch.com2 min readTLDR AI

PERPLEXITY EXPANDING AI-POWERED LEARNING

Perplexity has teamed up with Wiley to integrate textbook content into its AI search experience, allowing students and institutions seamless access to curriculum materials and real-time explanations.

2025.05.09
links.tldrnewsletter.com2 min readTLDR AI

COINBASE BUYS OPTIONS EXCHANGE DERIBIT FOR $2.9B

Coinbase is acquiring crypto options exchange Deribit for $2.9 billion to establish a stronger U.S. presence in the rapidly expanding crypto derivatives market. The acquisition followed a bidding contest with Kraken, which instead purchased the futures platform NinjaTrader for $1.5 billion. Deribit processed $1.2 trillion in trading volume in 2024, marking a 95% year-over-year increase and solidifying its position as a leader in digital asset options trading.

2025.05.09
coindesk.com2 min readTLDR Crypto

OCC REAFFIRMS BANKS' AUTHORITY TO CUSTODY CRYPTO ASSETS

The U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) reaffirmed that federally chartered banks are permitted to offer crypto custody services, provided they meet regulatory expectations. In a letter to Senator Elizabeth Warren, the OCC emphasized that crypto custody remains legally permissible under prior guidance, subject to robust risk management and compliance protocols.

2025.05.09
links.tldrnewsletter.com2 min readTLDR Crypto

BRIDGE INTRODUCING USDB STABLECOIN

Bridge has launched USDB, a 1:1 cash- and money market-backed stablecoin held at BlackRock. It is designed to share treasury yield with developers and users, rather than be retained solely for the issuer. The platform supports instant, fee-free conversions between USDB and other stablecoins, while offering customizable, white-labeled stablecoin infrastructure with on-chain and off-chain security features such as token freezing and account whitelisting.

2025.05.09
bridge.xyz2 min readTLDR Crypto

DEFI PIONEER'S SUPERSTATE TO BRING PUBLIC EQUITIES TO SOLANA

Superstate, led by DeFi veteran Robert Leshner, is launching Opening Bell, a platform that will allow companies to issue and trade SEC-registered public equities directly on the Solana blockchain. The move, starting with Canadian firm SOL Strategies, signals a major push toward regulated, blockchain-native capital markets accessible to both institutional and retail investors.

2025.05.09
forbes.com4 min readTLDR Crypto

WHY IS ZORA SO INTERESTING?

Zora is positioning itself as a mainstream social platform built on crypto infrastructure designed to tokenize content and equitably distribute value across creators, curators, consumers, and speculators, unlike traditional platforms that capture the majority of revenue. Its flywheel model relies on content creation, amplification, engagement, and speculation, with on-chain tokens rewarding each role. To scale, Zora must streamline the user experience by abstracting financial mechanics, personalizing onboarding with curated moodboards, and meeting conventional UX standards. A dedicated “Pro Mode” is also essential to attract and retain speculators in the competitive attention economy.

2025.05.09
links.tldrnewsletter.com17 min readTLDR Crypto

HODL IS DEAD, DAOS ARE LMAOS, BYE DEFI

The "HODL" era has ended for all but Bitcoin, which remains the only crypto asset with macro-level status. Market dynamics now favor fast, tactical trading. Venture capital has shifted from early-stage enthusiasm to extraction, yet Q1 2025 still saw $4.8 billion in inflows, particularly into real-world asset (RWA) protocols and blockchain infrastructure. DeFi's decentralization ideal has mostly given way to institutional “on-chain finance” using vault strategies and tokenized RWAs, while DAOs are increasingly centralized, prompting critiques of them becoming oligarchic or ineffective.

2025.05.09
ignasdefi.com14 min readTLDR Crypto

META IN TALKS TO DEPLOY STABLECOINS

Meta is revisiting stablecoins three years after shelving its Diem project. The company is holding early-stage discussions with crypto firms and has hired fintech veteran Ginger Baker to explore using USD-pegged stablecoins for cross-border and creator payments. Industry momentum is growing, with Visa partnering with Bridge, Fidelity building a proprietary stablecoin, and Stripe launching stablecoin-backed accounts. Meta's renewed interest comes as enterprise adoption accelerates and U.S. lawmakers move closer to stablecoin legislation.

2025.05.09
fortune.com9 min readTLDR Crypto

PRIVY PAY: BRINGING TAP-TO-PAY UX TO ONCHAIN TRANSACTIONS

Privy has launched "Privy Pay," a crypto-native tap-to-pay system designed to replicate the ease of Apple and Google Pay. Built for FarCon attendees, it combines a Raspberry Pi terminal with NFC hardware and a Farcaster mini app, allowing users to make on-chain purchases by tapping their phones. The initiative is a major step toward mainstream, in-person crypto payments.

2025.05.09
privy.io5 min readTLDR Crypto

RAMP AND STRIPE'S STABLECOIN-BACKED CARDS

Ramp and Stripe are teaming up to launch stablecoin-backed cards in Latin America, aiming to streamline cross-border payments for businesses by making them faster, more reliable, and less vulnerable to currency fluctuations.

2025.05.09
threadreaderapp.com1 min readTLDR Crypto

$DOOD AIRDROP BEGINS

The $DOOD airdrop from Doodles kicked off on May 9, starting with registered Doodles Collectibles holders and then expanding to partner communities.

2025.05.09
threadreaderapp.com1 min readTLDR Crypto

HERE'S EVERYTHING WE LAUNCHED AT CONFIG 2025

Figma announced major updates at Config 2025, including Figma Draw for vector editing, Figma Grid for layout design, and Figma Buzz for AI-powered brand asset creation. Figma Sites lets users design and publish websites in one place, while Figma Make turns prompts or designs into web apps with AI-generated code.

2025.05.09
figma.com3 min readTLDR Design