EXPLORING THE BROWSER RENDERING PROCESS

Summary from the TLDR Web Dev newsletter

After typing a URL into a browser, a DNS lookup translates the domain name into an IP address, followed by a TCP handshake to establish a connection and potentially a TLS handshake for secure communication. Once connected, an HTTP request is sent for the website's content, and the browser begins parsing the HTML response. This involves tokenization to identify HTML elements, building the DOM tree to represent the structure, and creating the CSSOM tree for styling. The browser then combines these into the Render Tree to determine the visual layout, and the painting phase renders the visual representation on the screen based on the Render Tree and associated styles.