EPOCHS AND SLOTS ALL THE WAY DOWN: WAYS TO GIVE ETHEREUM USERS FASTER TRANSACTION CONFIRMATION TIMES

Summary from the TLDR Crypto newsletter

Ethereum blocks confirm within 5-20 seconds, though applications like rollups could benefit from sub-second latency. Single-slot finality improves block finality from 13 minutes to 15 seconds and makes Ethereum consensus look closer to Tendermint, but adds significant load to the communication layer. Based preconfirmations allow Ethereum validators to offer promises about the eventual inclusion of a transaction into a future block. L2s should optimize for Ethereum's base layer properties, be a “server with blockchain scaffolding,” or compromise with a fast chain and Ethereum interoperability/security.